Compelling businesses cases are hard to come by. Quality and security is the subject of FUD. Perhaps most importantly, those enterprises that are forward thinking enough to appreciate the operational benefits of IP, have quite recently implemented advanced TDM solutions that are bridged with their contact management systems. These investments still have a distance to travel before they can be written off.

Nevertheless, the perceived industry wisdom supported by analyst predictions and all the research data recently collected points toward the day when all enterprises will implement a VoIP solution. The argument for a single network infrastructure to carry all company data voice, data and video - is logical and compelling. The savings available from bypassing the line rental and call costs of PSTN can run into millions per annum in certain circumstances. The technology is proven to work out of the box and daily we read about (and implement) innovat5A8ions that raise the bar of the quality and certainty of VoIP to the point where it is indiscernible from that provided by the PSTN.

The reality is that no transport technology ever replaced another over night be that technology to carry people, goods or electrically generated signals. (Stevensons Rocket first carried rail passengers in the UK 1829. The last operational stagecoach in the UK - Minehead to Lynton - plied its trade in 1926.) Transport technologies evolve and have always relied on a handover point, or a gateway, to provide the user with the benefits of both old and new at the most appropriate point. That point is determined by cost, as are most evolutions in human endeavour. By the same argument, the VoIP gateway is an essential element of the evolution from traditional TDM voice systems to VoIP solutions.

Hardware manufactures, the PBX companies notable among them, depend on new product lines to guarantee their futures. In line with industry wisdom and predictions, the next range of PBX product is a VoIP solution with the essential PSTN gateway that beg the customers to make the big leap to VoIP. Yet as we have seen, there are some significant barriers to this leap. Therefore, the reseller channel has to look at ways to enable the leap and to sustain revenue streams while their customers sum up the courage to make it.

This is the role of the independent VoIP gateway. It enabl5A8es a blend of VoIP and traditional telephony on a single implementation and with VegaStreams advanced dial planner capability; the user experience will not change at all. The gateway enables enterprises to leverage their investment in inter-site private IP networks to carry voice without changing their current phone systems. The gateway enables remote workers to directly connect over the ubiquitous broadband IP network to the company PBX system. And with the co-deployment of Proxy servers, the gateway enables road warriors to be in the office wherever they can connect their SIP devices to the Internet.

Earlier in this piece it was mentioned that VoIP technology is proven to work out of the box. This is the case in the show room; on the exhibition floor and in the controlled environment of the enterprise WAN. However real world implementations involve third party PBXs and desk top devices (and the myriad of TDM signalling protocols deployed), the specific technologies of wide area bearer circuits, SIP or H323 IP protocols, interface and access to PSTN for emergency service calls (as a minimum) and a real understanding of the needs and business drivers of the customer. This is the domain of the specialist communications systems integrator.

VegaStream has spent the last eight years perfecting VoIP gateway technology in the lab and with enterprise and carrier customers. While we continue to evo555lve new solutions to tackle issues such as security and audio quality and to build the stack of signalling protocol interfaces, the company is now focussing its energy on transferring skills to specialist communications systems integrators. These skills will enable identification, proposal and successful implementation of blended TDM and VoIP solutions the essential catalyst for the evolution to the next generation of converged communications.

For more information please visit www.vegastream.com

Voice over internet protocol (VOIP) is changing the way that the average consumer makes long distance phone calls. The technology is rapidly advancing because companies all over the world are now competing to be your VOIP provider. However, there are still some disadvantages of VOIP - especially when it comes to using the technology for functions beyond the one caller to one caller scenario.

The disadvantages of VOIP can be annoying, but are relatively limited for the consumer. The main complaints regarding VOIP have to do with providing the level of quality of service that customers are accustomed to with regular telephone technology. The reason for this is multifold. VOIP requires a large amount of data to be compressed and transmitted, then uncompressed and delivered, all in a relatively small amount of time. Problems develop in VOIP conversations when this process takes too long and the callers experience one of two problems; echo or over-talk.

Standard phone calls function with a delay 5A8of no more than 10 milliseconds. But one major disadvantage of VOIP is that there have been delays of up to 400 milliseconds, meaning that the callers won't hear each other fast enough to make the conversation flow easily. They will either hear themselves talking or they will start talking again before they have heard the other person respond. Although these problems won't necessarily happen every time a call is made, it can happen often enough to be annoying.

The disadvantages of VOIP are usually tolerable if the callers are using a free service and the calls are for individual, personal communication. But once a network of users, such as a business, wants to use VOIP, the problems become a little more complicated. Part of the reason is that most networks have a firewall; and most firewalls don't know how to route a VOIP call once it is received - which phone does it go to?

Plus, multiple users create a problem when judging what amount of bandwidth can be and should be used at any time. If multiple users need to make VOIP calls, it can be difficult for the company to know exactly how much bandwidth to provide - especially if internet access, video conferencing or other data transmission services are using the same path.

Overall, the disadvantages of VOIP aren't significant enough to dissuade the average consumer from using the technology; especially with the fact that they know that the calls they are maki40Eng are free. But we can rest assured that the technology will only get more reliable as time goes by.

Companies can benefit from implement5A8ing Voice over IP (VoIP) in their call centers, more so if they do it through a service provider, says Tim Wyatt- Gunning, joint CEO of Storm. He says cost savings on voice calls using VoIP range from up to 40% on international calls to countries such as Europe and the US, and up to 70% to destinations such as Japan and China, compared to using Telkoms telecommunications infrastructure.

Keeping Prices Down
We are able to keep our prices on an even keel by negotiating good bandwidth rates in the competitive international carrier market, and there are plenty of alternative routes. He says the company has been able to reduce its VoIP rates by 30% over the past 18 months by negotiating better rates with international carriers. About 10% of outbound calls from call centers are international, 50% to cell phones, 20% national and the balance are local within 50km.

Huge Call Center Savings
Call centers can save an average of 40% on calls to cellphones with VoIP arid 10% to 25% on national calls, depending on the destination and call volumes. A VoIP service can reduce the cost of calls to 0860 numbers by 25% against the average rate, he says.

If a company handles its own VoIP communication, it would need costly equipment and bandwidth infrastructure, and build direct relationships with overseas carriers. It 532could cost R1m to set up the infrastructure for a 20-seat call centre, but now a company can rent the functionality and access it over an IP network. This is a good low-risk option for in-house and outsourced call centre operations, and will allow them to focus on lie business instead of managing and maintaining technology infrastructure.

As far as VoIP has come in Voice telephone calls, faxing over VoIP still has a lot of room to improve.

Have you ever tried to fax on your residential VoIP line? I have, and it didn't go well. After doing s5A8ome research on the subject I found out that the voice traffic and the Fax traffic are best run over two different codecs. This is why when most VoIP carriers sell you a business account they include a free additional fax line with the faxing specific codec to allow for faxing.

Faxing on a Voice VoIP line is possible but not recommended. You can fax a page or two over your Voice VoIP line but it may take you several attempts to accomplish. The reason is when the fax tone is digitized into packets, there is packet loss. Packet loss on a voice is not that critical because even with a little packet loss, you can still hear and understand what the person is saying. But, when there is packet loss on a fax, any little bit can really mess up the fax. The result can be a bad fax, error message, or even a dropped call. When faxing over a Fax Codec, the loss of packets is minimized and faxes generally make it to its destination, but in the case of a large fax (10+ pages) your chances of a successful fax diminish. It is recommended that a customer who is planning on faxing quite a bit get a fax machine that also doubles as a scanner and can convert potential faxes into a .PDF file so if the fax over VoIP does not work, the customer can email the fax.

Programmers are coming up with a better codec all the time, so it is only a matter of time before VoIP providers come up with a more reliable faxing VoIP codec. VoIP is here t520o stay and the VoIP providers are trying to overcome all of the objections from small businesses to gain their business, and faxing is a large issue for small businesses. I have the utmost confidence in VoIP providers to come up with a solution that is viable by the end of 2005 or earlier.

Faxing is only one of the things to consider before choosing a VoIP solution. In fact, there are many things to consider when choosing a VoIP provider. An educated consumer generally results in a satisfied consumer. You can compare VoIP providers side-by-side at http://www.voipchoices.com/

It could be quite intimidating for the new person to Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) with most articles or literature using significant amounts of jargon. This article will provide an overview of the terminology used in the VoIP arena but will not go into the actual detail of how VoIP works. Other articles by this author have been written in relation to basics of VoIP.

The first crucial term is VoIP which is the acronym for Voice Over Internet Protocol or Voice Over IP being the ability to make telephone calls over the internet. Other relevant terms are included bel59Fow along with a laymans explanation:

ATA Analog Telephone Adaptor A device which converts analog telephone signal into a digital format for transmission over the Internet.

Codec A compression/decompression algorithm used in IP telephony.

Ethernet Used for Local Area Networks (LANs) and is a packet based transmission protocol.

PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network that is the standard landline based phone system.

QoS Quality of Service Refers to performance of the transmission system. For example is there any echo or delay.

SIP Session Initiation Protocol An application layer protocol that manages multimedia communications sessions.

VoIP Phone Telephone device that looks like an ordinary telephone that connects to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) however has an Ethernet port to allow connection to a TCP/IP computer network.

So next time you are reading some literature or articles on VoIP where the writers or authors do not define the acronyms, you will know a little more about what exactly they are trying to say. Whilst there are obviously many more acronyms and jargon associated with VoIP, this article provides a starting point. It is suggested that this article should be read in conjunction with previous articles relating to the basics of VoIP.

One of the biggest downsides of VoIP as a telephone option has been the need to be literally at your computer before you5A8 could make the telephone calls. One of the newest advances in the industry is the introduction of VoIP phones that basically work like WiFi, meaning you have more options for connections and more places where you can use that connection.

VoIP stands for Voice over Internet Protocol and it is a very basic marriage of the personal computer and the telephone that is now used for communication. The biggest advantage is the cost because you can make all the phone calls you want through a connection that very much resembles your Internet connection for you computer. No matter who you call, where you call or how long you talk, those calls don't cost anything above your monthly connection fees.

Like the Internet, there have been some changes over the course of the VoIP as an emerging industry. Those early Internet providers typically had some pretty serious limitations. Some charged based on how long you were online, meaning that you had to seriously limit your connection time. Others charged minimum monthly fees with additional charges if you ran over your allotted time. Still others limited your time online and you were simply without service if you ran past that time limitation. But the technology eventually became more common and consumer demands created a need for flat rates - the most common way of charging for Internet service today. Typically, businesses and individuals pay a flat fee for a month's worth of Inte5A5rnet connection, whether the computers are online for one hour or continuously during that month.

VoIP is seeing many of the same changes and the industry is growing to the point that it's likely to become a serious employer. Just as some people saw the potential for computers and the Internet to become major industries, there were those visionaries who saw VoIP as a competitor in the communications market - and others who have only recently begun to believe that this is going to be a significant field for the near future.

The emerging VoIP technology and the popularity of its use will create a number of jobs. Just as there was an immediate demand for those who could understand computers after those machines became so readily available, there is an increasing demand for qualified people to install, maintain and repair the networks and equipment used for VoIP systems. Because these networks are not so very different from basic computer networks, there's likely to be less of a shortage of those qualified people from the beginning, but there seems to be little doubt that there will be a demand for the services.

If you enjoy working with new technologies, this could be the field for you. There are training options available and there seems to be at least a fair number of job openings in those companies that provide VoIP services.

There is a lot of buzz about VoIP Internet phone service. On the consumer side everyone is getting a lot of exposure to Vonage commercials as well as triple play offers from Cable Companies. From a technology standpoint, VoIP is now much more mature than in its nascent days when Internet telephony meant a scratchy voice conversation over two computers. Whereas VOIP Services has been used by Telcos to carry voice traffic over long portions of their networks for years, it is now positioned to become the standard technology used to carry voice traffic over the last mile from every consumers home. Increased broadband penetration and advances in VoIP technology make this possible, and now there is a long line of VoIP providers out there looking for a piece of the action. They range from giants like Verizon and Comcast to relatively small unknowns. For the first time in the history of telecommunications it is possible to be a telephony provider without the huge barriers of capital needed for switches and network operation centers (NOCS).) nor the regulatory barrier of being a Local Exchange Carrier. So will the industry be marked by many small nimble players? What is the likelihood of survival for small consum5A8er VoIP service providers?

The Cable TV companies have a strong position in the telephony market. They already have a large embedded base of customers. They also have a local presence, with field installers regularly driving around neighborhoods and customer service locations in every town in which they have a franchise. Having the field installers is a major advantage since they can install VoIP service and also hook up inside wiring so the service experience is no different than before. Therefore a person doesnt have to be the least bit technically inclined to adopt the service, thereby opening the market to the masses. The pure-plays like Vonage just cant reach the mass market like this.

Cable companies also have huge brand awareness in their markets. What is also potentially important is that they are perceived as a utility company and people are used to getting phone service from this type of entity. There is a familiarity and comfort level of going to a utility company for phone service.

They also have tremendous strength in both billing and customer service. While some may hate the cable company because they have lengthy time windows for showing up for an installation, may show up late, and may keep you on hold at the call center, the Cable companies are in actuality very good at managing the complexities of their operations. For example, RCN entered some markets years ago as an alternate cable5A8 provider thinking they could leverage peoples dislike of the cable companies service record and do it better; instead they ended up realizing how very complex it is and ended up doing it worse. If a company wants to scale as a major VoIP provider, they will have to manage the complexities of billing and customer service. The cable companies have been down this road already.

Here is what could be the biggest factor to why the Cable companies will be most successful at VoIP and ruin the chances of other smaller entrants - They provide a broadband connection. Since this is required for VoIP, the incumbent provider has the first dibs on providing voice service. Also, since broadband connections have high margins and VoIP has low margins, broadband providers could treat voice service as a loss leader to get and keep customers on their high-speed connections. NetZero, for instance, is giving away free telephone numbers and low priced VoIP service presumably with the hopes of signing on users for their ISP. Voice service could in fact become so commoditized that it will be given away with broadband service the same way email is today. If this becomes a reality, there would be very little market opportunity and a bleak survival outlook for smaller pure-play VoIP service providers unless they could offer a differentiated value proposition.

The Local Phone Company also shares many of the same advantages as Cable in 5A8that they have strong brands, ability to bill effectively, established customer service, and field technicians. They also should provide the greatest comfort level to people for providing a phone service. However, the Phone Companies have dismal showing compared to the Cable companies who have the greatest number of VoIP subscribers. Verizon VoiceWing and AT&T CallVantage each have only 5.5% of the 2.9 million pure-play VoIP subscribers (Telephia Q2 2006). Those 320k subs are dwarfed by the Cable Companies like Time Warner Cable who alone had 1.6 million VoIP customers as of October 2006. Why have the Phone Companies had such a dismal result? Internal confliction between POTS and VoIP is one reason. They can not put emphasis on a low margin VoIP product in their core offer and have struggled to create an effective bundled product strategy with advanced services. They are also expending more resources and internal focus on better broadband offerings than DSL and trying to break into video services. Nonetheless, they still hold second and third positions for share of pure-play VoIP subscribers and have deep pockets, which will allow them to far outspend a small VoIP provider to get mindshare.

Vonage, with 53.9% of the 2.9 million pure-play VoIP subscribers, is spending a ton of money to get mindshare and customers. This is good in that it raises awareness of the product category, which helps a smaller pure-play. However,5A8 it also presents a huge challenge for smaller providers to compete head to head for customers when a single provider has such a dominant voice.

There are a number of challenges facing a smaller VoIP provider. Small providers have to compete for share of voice against companies that are spending a lot of money. As far as the business case goes, VoIP has relatively small margins and the ROI for marketing campaigns and generating brand awareness is a challenge. Yet without spending money on marketing, it is difficult to capture customers.

Then there is the challenge of the market size. Pure-play providers dont have local installers and technicians, which limit the market to those who have the technical savvy to set up the service or the willingness to do so. If the target market is defined as people who have the technical savvy to set up VoIP on a home network, then this market is comprised largely of younger people. This group is increasing mobile based and has little use for a landline phone. Also, consider how the overall telephony market will change over the years. People in college now that will be graduating over the next couple of years and getting apartments are 100% mobile based and have never had a landline phone. Thus the market for pure-play VoIP will be shrinking as fast as it grows.

However, there is still an opportunity for small VoIP providers in this challenging market. The opportunity is 5A8to focus on niche markets and leverage specific advantages of VoIP that are particularly important to specific customers segments. In such segments, word of mouth advertising is a viable strategy if the service can meet a strong need. This solves the dilemma of investing in media to build a strong brand and maintains better profitability.

ReVoS Internet phone service is an example of a small VoIP provider taking just this strategy. They are focusing on a niche segment of people who make a lot of international calls. ReVoS offers VoIP service, which includes unlimited international calling to over 40 countries including the standard VoIP product offering for $24.95 per month. They have also developed a VoIP product that works over a mobile phone that doesnt require a broadband connection. This is geared to people of international origin who, by the way, have the greatest propensity to use cell phones of any demographic in the U.S. This niche makes sense since carrying long distance call traffic is an inherent strength of the VoIP networks. Also these customer groups are better reached through a niche strategy and would be missed by mass-market strategies. This market is comprised largely of people living in the U.S. who have moved here from other countries. These are tight communities where word of mouth can flourish and the value proposition is strong when saving people money on high cost international calls. This i5A8s an example of how a small VoIP provider can successfully compete against much more formidable competitors such as the Cable Companies and Vonage.

However, the future of the telephony industry and the role that VoIP takes still needs to be fully defined and there are many uncertainties. There is a long list of unknowns, which include such things as Google getting into Voice and whether Microsoft includes a softphone and VoIP service as a standard part of their operating systems. Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC) is another technology wildcard that could change the shape of the competitive landscape. The overwhelming penetration of mobile phone service and mobile carriers ability to steal the show with a FMC offer is very real. This may be the competing technology that upsets the MSOs stronghold on VoIP. The question then becomes which bundled product offer is greater 1) Broadband and VoIP or 2) Mobile phone and VoIP. Another thing to consider is how Wireless VoIP (wVoIP) could change the competitive landscape and underlying telephony ecosystem if municipal hotspots and/or WiMax take off.

Whatever the future the holds, the economies of the telephony industry are likely to place a few large carriers in control of the majority of the market. People want simplicity in their lives and the winners will be those who provide the most seamless solutions to peoples basic communications needs. For smaller VoIP providers57F to survive and make profit, they will need to meet strong niche needs that get overlooked by the mass adoption strategy, have a well defined and differentiated value proposition (Recall ESPN Mobiles problem), efficient operations to control cost and low margins, low churn in order to compensate for limited total average revenue per subscriber (ARPU) absent a larger bundled product strategy, and the ability to benefit from viral marketing within the target markets. With all of this in place, there is a chance of survival for small VoIP providers.

With d5A8rastically improved technology available, performing a reverse phone number lookup is as easy as using a simple search engine, you simply enter the number and instantly you have access the information you need. But does this instant access to information mean that the information you are receiving is up to date and accurate?

The reason you are performing a reverse phone number lookup is because you want recent and reliable information. Getting the person's name, address, zip code and more is only as good as the database the information is coming from and if the database is not regularly updated, then the information you are getting obviously is not as well.

What reverse phone number lookup providers are you relying on? There many of phone trace services but no different then any other type of service, you want to ensure that you are using the most accurate information available. Questions you need the answer prior to start using a reverse phone number lookup provider are

1. How recent is the information you are receiving?

Ensure the information you are using has access to many different public records sources from dependable sources and their records are updated as soon as the county databases make them available.

2. Is the reverse phone lookup website secure?

You need to ensure that the service you are using is tremendously responsive to the privacy and security concerns that persons h578ave with respect to personal information. Check that the web site you are using is completely secure and utilizes at bare minimum a 128bit encryption.

3. Are My Searched Private?

Make certain that nobody is notified that you are using a phone number lookup service; you want all searches to be completely secretive and unidentified.

Reverse phone number lookup services are not all the same. There are a lot of great services available but many are unsecured, unreliable and totally not to be trusted. Be accountable for your own information research.

How long do you think DVDs have around? 20 years? 10 years? Actually, they have only been around for about seven years, but it seems like they have been around much longer. Many of us can hardly remember life before DVDs. That can be attributed to how rapidly we can become acclimated to some innovations in electronics technology. I believe there are other electronics technologies, either just getting ready to take off, not widely available yet, or just around the corner, that are going to become adopted just as quickly in the near future.

Once such item is Voice over Internet Protocol, also known as VoIP. This innovation renders the whole concept of long distance virtually obsolete. It bypasses the traditional telephone company infrastructure and delivers phone service over a broadband internet connection to a regular phone. Similar to cell phones, this service is purchased based on a fixed and/or unlimited number of minutes. However, geographical divisions are generally made by country or continent, rather than by local calling areas or area codes. For example, a typical VoIP contract in th5A8e U.S. would stipulate unlimited calling to North America and 300 monthly minutes for calls to everywhere else. Unlike cell phone service, you are not charged for incoming calls. With VoIP service, area codes are not much of an issue, although you still must have one. However, some providers offer plans in which you can select any area code in your country or continent! The area code you choose mainly comes into play for those with traditional phone service who make calls to you. If you pick a California area code, for example, someone calling you from a traditional phone line would be billed as if they called California, even if they lived next door to you in New York.

One of the major advantages of VoIP is that it is less expensive than traditional phone service. Since it bypasses most of the phone companies' infrastructure, it also bypasses many of the taxes associated with it. So far, Congress has maintained a hands-off approach when it comes to taxing VoIP services. Most of the major phone companies are either now offering VoIP or plan to start by mid-2005. However, there are some smaller companies that are offering it at a much lower cost. Vonage (www.vonage.com) is a small company that was one of the pioneers of VoIP. Lingo (www.lingo.com) and Packet8 (www.packet8.com) are two other small companies offering VoIP at a cut-rate price.

Another such technology is Broadband over Power Line, or BPL. Already in w5A8ide use in many other countries and currently being tested in the U.S., BPL is the delivery of broadband internet service over traditional power lines. A computer is connected to a special modem which is simply plugged into an electrical outlet. This kind of service could prove useful for those who cannot get traditional broadband services like cable modem or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), as almost everyone has access to electricity now. Once refined, BPL could eventually prove to be cheaper and faster than these more established services and attract away some of their customers. By the way, be careful when youre discussing BPL and make sure people dont think youre saying, VPL. Otherwise, you might encounter quite a bit of snickering!

While we're on the subject of broadband internet services, several technologies just around the corner are going to make them much faster than they are today. The typical download speeds for broadband ranges from 1.5 to 10 megabits per second (mbps) today. Within the next year, speeds of 15-20 mbps will be available to the average consumer. Then, shortly thereafter, speeds of up to 25, 50, 75, and even 100 mbps will be available in some places. In the not-so-distant future, speeds of 25-100 mbps is will be quite common. "Fast TCP", which is currently being tested, has the potential to turbo-charge all forms of currently available broadband internet connections without req5A8uiring any infrastructure upgrades. It will better utilize the way in which data is broken down and put back together within traditional internet protocols.

All the major phone companies are currently in the process of replacing their copper wires with high capacity fiber optic lines. One example is Verizon's Fiber-to-the-Premises (FTTP) initiative. Fiber optic lines will greatly increase the amount of bandwidth that can be delivered. Fiber optics will allow phone companies to deliver video, either via a cable TV-type platform or a TV over Internet Protocol (TVIP) platform (see my October 7 column), and faster DSL speeds. At the same time, the phone companies are working with Texas Instruments to develop a new, more technically efficient form of DSL, called Uni-DSL. Eventually, the current internet as we know it will be scrapped and completely replaced with a whole new internet called "Internet 2." This new internet is expected to provide speeds of up to 6000 times faster than current broadband connections!

Another technology item that you've probably heard a lot about recently is digital television. Digital TV uses a different wavelength than traditional analog TV and has a much wider bandwidth. It also has a picture that never gets "snowy" or "fuzzy." If the signal is not strong enough, you get no picture at all, rather than the fuzzy picture you sometimes get with analog. In order to receive digital signals ov5A8er the airwaves, you must have a digital TV set (one with a digital tuner inside) or an analog TV with a set-top converter. Cable and satellite TV also use digital formats, but unlike broadcaster signals, their non-High Definition digital signals are automatically converted to a format an analog TV can process, so a digital TV or converter is not needed. High Definition Television formats, even on cable to satellite, require a digital TV or a converter (more on High Definition later).

All broadcasters are now doing some broadcasts on their digital channels in addition to their normal broadcasts on their analog channels, but they were originally supposed to completely convert over from analog signals to digital signals by the end of 2006. However, there is an exception that allows them to wait until 85% of the television sets in their market are digital. This could take 10 years or more to happen. Congress and the FCC are now looking at imposing a hard deadline on all broadcasters to convert to digital signals by 2009. Once they all convert to digital signals, their analog channels will taken back by the FCC and used for other purposes like emergency signals.

High Definition Television (HDTV) is one possible use of digital signals. HDTV uses the entire digital bandwidth and is the crystal clear format you've probably seen on TVs in electronics stores. It has no visible lines on the screen. Someone once described i5A8t as being like "watching a movie in the theater." Keep in mind that all HDTV is digital, but not all digital is HDTV. Along those same lines, not all digital TVs are HDTVs. Since digital TVs are very expensive and those with HDTV capability are even more expensive, consumers really need to keep this in mind.

The other possible use of digital signals is channel compression, often referred to as "multicasting." Non-HDTV programming does not utilize the entire width of a digital signal. Therefore, it is possible to compress two or more channels of programming into one digital signal. Satellite and cable operators do this all the time with their non-HDTV digital channels, but this process is transparent so many people don't realize it. Many broadcasters plan to use their digital signals this way during times when they are not being used for HDTV programming. For example, some plan to air all news and all weather channels in addition to their regular channels of programming.

TV recording and playback technology is changing as well. DVD recorders, which debuted about four years ago, have now become affordable to the average family. A couple of years ago, they were priced above $1000, but now you can get them for around $250, in many cases. The main sticking point now with DVD recorders is that not all of them will record/play all three of the competing formats: DVD-RAM, DVD-RW, DVD+RW. They will have difficulty gainin5A8g wide acceptance from the public until one format is settled on or all recorders can record and play all three formats.

One the other hand, digital video recorders (DVRs) and personal video recorders (PVRs), just two names for something that is really the same thing, seem to be gaining quickly in popularity. DVRs/PVRs utilize a hard drive to record programs, without the need for discs or tapes. DVRs/PVRs with larger hard drives are becoming available and less expensive all the time. These devices can record one show while you are watching another. They can record more than one show at a time. They allow you to watch the part of a show that has already been recorded while the remainder of that show is still being recorded. They allow for easy scanning, searching, and skipping through recorded programs and even allow you to skip commercials with one touch of a button. They allow you to pause live programs while you answer the door or go to the restroom and then pick up where you left off when you get back. With these devices, recording can be automatic, i.e., you can program them to automatically record every episode of your favorite shows, no matter when they air. You can also have them automatically find and record programs that match your interests. In addition, video can be automatically downloaded to the device via a phone connection. TiVo, the leading brand in the industry, has announced that it will be teaming up5A8 with Netflix next year to allow downloading of movies on demand via a broadband internet connection (see my October 7 column for more details).

DVRs/PVRs are becoming so popular that cable and satellite TV providers have begun including them as add-ons to their receivers, either at no extra cost or for a small additional monthly fee. About the only shortcoming of DVRs/PVRs is the fact that they can't play pre-recorded DVDs or tapes, so you would still need your DVD player or VCR if you rent or purchase movies. However, hybrid devices which combine DVRs/PVRs with a DVD player/recorder and/or VCR are now hitting the market. Those devices would not only get rid of that problem but would also give you the option of permanently transferring a recorded show/movie from a hard drive to a recordable DVD.

Flat screen and flat panel TV technology is also starting to boom. Many people are confused about the difference between flat screen TVs and flat panel TVs. Flat screen TVs use the old cathode ray tube (CRT) technology for their picture tubes and are therefore bulky like traditional TV sets. However, they are different from traditional TV sets in that they have a flat screen. They deliver a picture that doesn't have as much glare as traditional, more round screens. Also, the picture will look the same to everyone in the room, no matter where they are sitting. The picture on a traditional screen looks distorted when viewi5A8ng it from an angle.

Flat panel TVs, on the other hand, utilize either liquid crystal display (LCD) or plasma technology instead of the old CRT technology and are generally just a few inches thick. Many of them can be hung on a wall. In fact, flat panel TVs that are flatter than a credit card will be coming soon! What's the difference between LCD and plasma? LCD is generally used for flat panel TVs with a display of less than 30 inches and usually has a brighter picture and better contrast than plasma. LCD is used for flat panel computer monitors as well. Plasma is generally used for flat panel TVs with a display of more than 30 inches and has a better color range than LCD. Plasma is becoming more common as TVs get bigger and flatter.

Although I'm not so sure about this one, I will include "entertainment PCs" because of their tremendous potential to revolutionize home entertainment. The concept of "entertainment PCs" is being hailed right now by both Microsoft and Intel. In fact, Microsoft has developed a special operating system for them. They could be used as the hub for all home entertainment and could enhance a family's experience of television, radio/music, and internet and actually help to combine all of these into one. They could be used to download content from the internet and play it on a TV. They could provide such sophisticated TV recording interfaces that VCRs, DVDs, and DVRs/PVRs could all eventuall589y become obsolete. In addition, they could be a better source for photograph and home video editing and processing than regular PCs. With that being said, I'm not so sure that people will be willing to accept PCs as a source of home entertainment. Bill Gates begs to differ and is willing to put his money where his mouth is.

Obviously, not all of the cutting edge electronics technologies mentioned above will meet with great success. Some of them might actually go the way of Betamax, digital audio tape (DAT), and DIVX. However, many of them are sure to catch fire and become such an intricate part of our everyday lives that we'll wonder how we ever got along without them. Which ones will they be? Only time will tell.

Terry Mitchell is a software engineer, freelance writer, and trivia buff from Virginia, USA. He operates a website - http://www.commenterry.com - on which he posts commentaries on various subjects such as politics, technology, religion, health and well-being, personal finance, and sports. His commentaries offer a unique point of view that is not often found in meanstream media. Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Terry__Mitchell

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